The Towns Gold Built, and the Governance Challenge They Expose
Asankragua Township By Obrempong Yaw Ampofo Drive through Wassa...
Underground
Either legal or illegal gold mining that takes place beneath the earth’s surface through tunnels, shafts, or adits dug to reach gold-bearing rocks.

Changfa
Miners use floating dredgers fitted with engines (changfa) to suck up sediments from riverbeds. Severe river pollution, destroys riverbanks and aquatic life.
Open-pit
Excavation of pits and trenches on land to reach shallow gold veins. Miners use Excavators, pickaxes, shovels, and washing plants.








