Underground
Either legal or illegal gold mining that takes place beneath the earth’s surface through tunnels, shafts, or adits dug to reach gold-bearing rocks.
Changfa
Miners use floating dredgers fitted with engines (changfa) to suck up sediments from riverbeds. Severe river pollution, destroys riverbanks and aquatic life.
Open-pit
Excavation of pits and trenches on land to reach shallow gold veins. Miners use Excavators, pickaxes, shovels, and washing plants.
THE PEOPLE INVOLVED
Financiers
Laborers
Land Owners
Suppliers
THE FIGHT: NDC v NPP
Before Independence
Independence to 1989
NDC: 2011-2016
NPP: 2017 - 2024
NDC: 2025 -
IMPACT OF GALAMSEY
On Employment & Rural Development
On Rivers & Forests
On Health & Social Vices
On Cocoa & Food systems